#Halogens reactivity free#

#Halogens reactivity free#

Typically, saturated hydrocarbons do not add halogens but undergo free radical halogenation, which involves halogen substitution of hydrogen atoms. Substratal structure is one factor determining the pathway.Īddition of halogens to alkenes and alkynes There are several mechanisms for organic compound halogenation including free radical halogenation, ketone halogenation, electrophilic halogenation, and halogen supplement reaction. Unlike metals, inorganic compounds also undergo halogenation. The halogenation mechanism and stoichiometry depend on the structural characteristics and functional groups of the organic substrate, as well as the actual halogen. These leaves less free hydrogen and reduces the strength of the acid.Halogenation is a chemical reaction involving the addition of one or more halogens to a substance or product. Hydrofluoric acid is weak because the fluorine is so electronegative that it will bond not only to the water molecules but also to loose hydrogen. This experiment uses a qualitative colorimetric process, which means that the colors of the solutions were recorded and used to determine the contents of a test tube. Possible errors of the experiment were that the reagents were not uniform throughout when mixed. If this were not the case determining if reactions had occurred would have been near impossible. The solubility tests indicated that the halides would not dissolve or react with the hexane. If the visible contents of the test tube remain unchanged then no reaction had occurred. The results of the lab do not agree with prediction because the periodic property of electronegativity is that it decreases in a group as atomic number increases. And nothing added to I 2 changed the contents of the test tube at all. When I − was mixed with both Cl 2 and Br 2 the halogens were oxidized and became halides while the I became I 2. According to that I is the most electronegative as no matter what it was mixed with and in what form, I 2 was left in the test tube. Because the halogen is the more stable and thus the more desired form, the element that came out of the reaction as a halogen was more electronegative. In this experiment combinations of Br, Cl, and I were mixed together in hexane as either a halogen or a halide. Top layer is again fuchsia and bottom layer is slightly deeper yellow. Top layer is fuchsia and bottom is transparent gold/yellow. Top is fuchsia, bottom is transparent gold color. Top is light yellow which fades to line of deeper yellow and bottom is clear. Top layer is deep fuchsia, there is a middle layer of yellow and the bottom is clear.

The top layer is clear and the bottom layer is also mostly clear with a slight hint of green/yellow. Top layer is slightly lighter gold than Br 2 and the bottom is a deeper yellow.

Top hexane layer is a deep fuchsia and bottom layer is the gold/yellow color of I 2.

Salt in hexane remains solidĭissolves in water, doesn’t dissolve at all in hexaneĭissolves in water after mixing, doesn’t dissolve at all in hexane Experimenter tested solubility of K salts, Na salt solubility data was received from Alex Macdonell.ĭissolves easily in water, doesn’t dissolve at all in hexaneĬrystals disappear upon shaking water. “Halogen Reactions.” CHM1045L Online Manual. In this experiment two molecules will be mixed and the more electronegative one will form a halogen and the lesser electronegative will become a halide.ĭillon, Stephanie. If this molecule is polar, that is, that one of the atoms attracts electrons more than the others it will be soluble in polar liquids and the same with nonpolar molecules and liquids. Electronegativity is the power of an atom to pull electrons toward itself, which usually forms a bond with another atom and thus creates a molecule.

Through this experiment the electronegativity of several Halogens will be determined through attempted chemical reactions.